Pasco OS-8500 INTRODUCTORY OPTICS SYSTEM User Manual

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Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®4. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . .

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®5Basic Ray Optics SetupThe basic setup for Ray Optics is shown in Figure 10.The Ray Table Base should be flush

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®6Copy Ready ExperimentsThe following experiments are written in worksheet form.Feel free to photocopy them for u

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®7EQUIPMENT NEEDED:-Optics Bench, -Light Source,-Ray Table and Base, -Component Holder,-Slit Plate, -Ray Table C

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®8➅ On a separate sheet of paper, explain your observations in terms of the straight line propaga-tion of light.

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®9IntroductionThe shape and location of the image created byreflection from a mirror of any shape is determinedb

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®10ProcedureSet up the equipment as shown in Figure 2.1. Adjust the components so a single ray of lightis align

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®11EQUIPMENT NEEDED:-Optics Bench -Light Source-Ray Table and Base -Component Holder-Slit Plate -Ray Optics Mirr

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®12Figure 3.2 Ray Tracing➁ What is the perpendicular distance from the filament to the plane of the mirror (dis

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®13EQUIPMENT NEEDED:-Optics Bench -Light Source-Ray Table and Base -Component Holder-Slit Plate -Slit Mask-Cylin

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®14Table 4.1 DataAngle of: Incidence Refraction1Refraction20°10°20°30°40°50°60°70°80°90°Without disturbing the

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®15Experiment 5: ReversibilityFigure 5.2 Internal Angle of IncidenceEquipment Needed:-Optics Bench -Light Sour

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®16Now let the incident ray strike the curved surface of the lens. (Just rotate the Ray Table 180°.)The internal

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®17EQUIPMENT NEEDED:-Optics Bench -Light Source-Ray Plate and Base -Component Holder-Slit Plate -Slit Mask-Cylin

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®18➁ At what angle of refraction is the color separation a maximum? ____________________________________________

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®19IntroductionGiven a lens of any shape and index of refraction, you could determine the shape and location oft

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®20Data Calculationsdo (mm) dihi1/di + 1/do1/f hi/ho-di/do5004504003503002502001501007550Table 7.1: Data and Cal

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®21EQUIPMENT NEEDED:-Optics Bench -Ray Table and Base-Component Holder -Ray Table Component Holder-Slit Plate -S

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®22Figure 8.3 Equipment Setup➀ Do your observations support Newton’s theory? Explain. _______________________

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®23EQUIPMENT NEEDED:-Optics Bench -Light Source-Diffraction Plate -Diffraction Scale-Ray Table Base -

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®Section ...

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®24Attach the Diffraction Plate to the other side of the Component Holder, as shown. Center pattern D, with thes

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®25EQUIPMENT NEEDED:-Optical Bench -Light Source-Polarizers (2) -Component Holders (3)-Ray Table and

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®26Figure 10.3 Equipment Setup ProcedureSet up the equipment as shown in Figure 10.2. Turn the Light Source on

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®27Experiment 11: Image Formation from Cylindrical MirrorsEQUIPMENT NEEDED:-Optics Bench -Light Sour

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®28 Place the convex side of the Ray Optics Mirror so that its focal point is coincident with the point wherethe

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®29EQUIPMENT NEEDED:-Optics Bench, Light Source -Component Holder (3)-50 mm F. L. Spherical Mirror -V

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®30Virtual ImagesIn the previous part of thisexperiment, you tested theFundamental Lens Equationonly for the conc

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®31EQUIPMENT NEEDED:-Optics Bench -Light Source-Ray Table and Base -Component Holder (2)-Slit Plate -

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®32Why is one focal length shorter than the other? (Hint: consider the refraction of the light rays at bothsurfac

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®33Experiment 14: Spherical Lenses—Spherical and Chro-matic Aberration, Aperture Size, and Depth of

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®Please—Feel free to duplicate this manualsubject to the copyright restrictions below.Copyright, Warranty and Equ

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®34Figure 14.2 Depth of FieldFigure 14.3 Chromatic AberrationDepth of FieldIn addition to spherical aberration,

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®35EQUIPMENT NEEDED:-Optics Bench -Light Source-Ray Table Base -Component Holder-Diffraction Scale -D

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®36Figure 15.2 Measurements with the Diffraction GratingData CalculationsColor A L X1X2λλλλλ1λλλλλ2VioletBlueGre

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®37EQUIPMENT NEEDED:-Optical Bench -Light Source-Ray Table Base -Diffraction Scale-Component Holder -

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®38Figure 16.2 Geometry of Single Slit DiffractionThe single slit pattern can be explained using Huygen’s theory

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®39EQUIPMENT NEEDED:-Optics Bench -Light Source-Component Holders (2) -Variable Aperture-Diffraction

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®40Crossed SlitsExamine the diffraction pattern formed by aperture H, the crossed slits. As you watch thepattern,

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®41EQUIPMENT NEEDED:-noneExperiment 18: Introduction to Optical InstrumentsIntroductionThe design of

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®42dodi m Real/Virtual Inverted/UninvertedExample f/16 -f/15 16/15 Virtual Uninvertedf/8f/4f/23f/47f/815f

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®43Experiment 19: The ProjectorEQUIPMENT NEEDED:-Optics Bench -Light Source-75 mm Focal Length Conve

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®iiiThe PASCO scientific Introductory Optics System isdesigned to provide a comprehensive introduction tolaborato

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®44Notes

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®45EQUIPMENT NEEDED:-Optics Bench -75 mm Focal Length Convex Lens-150 mm Focal Length Convex Lens -Vi

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®46Using each of the lenses as a magnifier, it should be clear that the magnification provided by aconverging len

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®47EQUIPMENT NEEDED:-Optics Bench -75 mm Focal Length Convex Lens-150 mm Focal Length Convex Lens -Co

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®48Figure 21.1 shows the setup for a simple telescope. The objective lens, L1, creates a real, invertedimage.

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®49EQUIPMENT NEEDED:-Optics Bench, Light Source -75 mm Focal Length Convex Lens-150 mm Focal Length C

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®50➁ Why does the magnification increase as the objective lens is moved closer to the object?____________________

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®51Locating Virtual ImagesVirtual images can be located using the Virtual ImageLocators. The followi

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®52Maintenance➀ If at any time the Light Source fails to come on,remove the top cover of the Light Source by re-m

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®53Straight-Line Propagation of LightThe rays are straight, originating from the lamp filament.Becaus

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®Notesiv

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®54Exp 3: Image Formation in a Plane MirrorSuggestions on – Procedure➀The rays seem to follow straight lines into

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®55➂ It is. The graph comes out completely linear, whichmeans that there is a direct proportionality.

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®56Exp 6: Dispersion and Total Internal ReflectionDispersion➀Color separation was first noted at about 40°, al-th

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®57➃ There is nearly exact agreement. The average errorin focal length is 0.06%, the average error in

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®58Exp 9: Two-Slit InterferenceSuggestions on – ProcedureActual values obtained will vary due to differences iney

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®59Exp 10: PolarizationSuggestions on – Procedure➀The target is not as bright when you look throughth

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®60Exp 12: Image Formation from Spherical MirrorsFocal Length➀60 mm➁ Remove the viewing screen and focus an image

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®61Spherical Aberration➀The image will be sharpest at the center.➁ Smaller apertures make the image s

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®62➂ A slightly blurred image is still visible. (The roommust be fairly dark for this image to be visible.)➃ The

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®63Exp 16: Single-Slit DiffractionSuggestions on – Procedure➀The spacing between fringes increases wi

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®1IntroductionIn studying optics we change the focus of our attention.We still gain our information by interacti

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®64Exp 17: General DiffractionExp 18: Introduction to Optical Instruments➀ A virtual, magnified image is formed f

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®65do di m Real/Virtual Inv/Uninvf/16 -f/15 16/15 Virtual Uninvertedf/8 -f/7 8/7 Virtual Uninvert

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®66Exp 20: The MagnifierSuggestions on – Procedure➀No. According to the fundamental lens equationthe magnificatio

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®67Exp 22: The Compound MicroscopeSuggestions on – Procedure➀The image is magnified; but at 150mm obj

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®68Notes

012-02744J Introductory Optics System®Technical SupportContacting Technical SupportBefore you call the PASCO Technical Support staff itwould be helpfu

Introductory Optics System 012-02744K®2. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . .

012-02744K Introductory Optics System®3Setting Up the EquipmentThe Filament Knob on the top of the unit moves the lightbulb from side to side. The n